GNSS-R/IR监测地表冻融状态对延迟多普勒波形和多路径数据影响分析     

吴学睿  夏俊明  白伟华  张兴刚 《测绘学报》2019,48(8):1059-1066

将GNSS-R/IR技术的应用领域拓展到地表冻融状态的监测中，本文利用冻融土混合介质介电常数模型计算土壤介电常数，采用双站全极化相干反射率模型和随机粗糙面散射模型，分别计算了经冻融土反射的GPS相干反射量的镜像反射率，以及GPS非相干反射分量的漫散射特性。模拟分析了冻融转换时，GPS多路径信息（GNSS-IR）以及包含漫散射信号的延迟多普勒图（GNSS-R）的变化特征。理论研究表明冻融转换过程中，地表介电常数的变化导致GPS多路径信息和延迟多普勒图的明显变化。本文从散射机理上揭示了利用GNSS-R和GNSS-IR遥感进行地表冻融特性监测的理论依据。  相似文献   

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

SHI Dong  LI Li-juan  LI Jin-feng  JI Lian-min  SONG Fu-gen  PENG Xiao-wu  ZHANG Li-cheng  ZHANG Yu-ze  LI Hui-fang  SONG Xue-xue  NIE Feng  ZENG Zhong-min  LIU Zhi-qi  GUO Fan 《盐湖研究》2019,27(2):95-110

In this work,problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate( TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The behavior of N,N-bi-( 2-ethylhexyl) acetamide( N523) during lithium extraction was investigated,and its disadvantages were analyzed in the view of practical application. An N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used separately. The optimal composition of this mixture extraction system was determined to be 20% N523-30% TBP-50% kerosene.The effects of brine acidity,Fe/Li molarity ratio,phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed. The operation conditions in single-stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity = 0. 05 mol/L,Fe/Li molarity ratio = 1. 3,and phase ratio = 2. The high concentration of chloride ions in brine was beneficial for the extraction of lithium. The structure of the extracted complex was proposed as( LiFeCl_4·n N523·m TBP)·( 2-n) N523·( 2-m) TBP( m + n = 2) by chemical analysis and slope-fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily,and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic( ΔH 0) and spontaneous( ΔG 0) reaction,and the degree of disorder increased( ΔS 0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both the fundamental theory and practical application.  相似文献   

中国海-西太平洋地区典型剖面的重-磁-震联合反演研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张正一  范建柯  白永良  董冬冬 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):2871-2891

重-磁-震联合反演是获取地壳结构的重要方法.此次研究，我们主要基于全球最新的水深、重磁异常、沉积物厚度等数据，结合实测地震数据和前人研究成果，分析了中国海-西太平洋地区的莫霍面展布特征，并利用重磁震联合反演方法获得了跨越中国海-西太平洋典型剖面的地壳结构和异常体分布，揭示了陆壳到洋壳的典型变化规律.结果表明，从浙江地区到马里亚纳俯冲带，地壳结构大致呈现由厚到薄、由老到新、由复杂到简单的特征.浙江地区（扬子块体和华夏块体）地壳结构复杂，三层结构明显，地壳内断裂带发育，并伴有广泛的岩浆侵入；东海地区莫霍面起伏剧烈，地壳厚度变化较大，冲绳海槽地壳明显减薄，是其过渡壳性质的体现；西菲律宾海盆、九州-帕劳海脊、帕里西维拉海盆、马里亚纳俯冲带等构造单元地壳结构相对简单，二层结构明显.其中，西菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆地壳内部磁异常变化较为剧烈，海盆扩张过程中形成的磁异常体分布广泛，地壳厚度（5~8 km）明显小于陆壳；九州-帕劳海脊地壳厚度可达~20 km，缺失中地壳，表现为岛弧地壳结构；同源的西马里亚纳岛弧和东马里亚纳火山弧地壳结构相似，浅层磁异常体分布广泛，西马里亚纳岛弧地壳厚度（~17 km）略小于东马里亚纳火山弧（~20 km），体现了裂离的不对称性；马里亚纳海槽具有正常的洋壳结构（~7 km），但扩张中心未发生明显破裂.对比各构造单元地壳结构的异同点，我们进一步认识到，陆壳与洋壳之间不是孤立的，陆壳可能会演化出洋壳的结构或组分，板块的演化总是处于动态循环过程中.此研究加深了我们对中国海-西太平洋深部构造特征的整体理解，促进了我们对大陆边缘演化与板块相互作用的认识，深化了我国管辖海域及邻近地区的基础地质调查.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯地块周缘垂直形变场负位错反演与应变积累研究     

张希  刘立炜  郝明  白卓立 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(6):551-556

利用鄂尔多斯地块及其周缘1970～2014年的垂直形变速率场资料，借助负位错反演研究该区域长期应变积累。结果表明，地块东北缘山西断陷带中北段年均能量积累增量、剪应力强度都较高，西南缘六盘山断裂与渭河断裂西段次之；山西断陷带中南段至晋陕交界处年均剪应力强度较高且显示一定程度的能量积累；西秦岭构造区尤其西秦岭北缘断裂西段、晋冀蒙交界区也反映一定程度的能量积累特性。  相似文献   

Identification of Reference Genes for Normalizing Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Urechis unicinctus     

BAI Yajiao  ZHOU Di  WEI Maokai  XIE Yueyang  GAO Beibei  QIN Zhenkui  ZHANG Zhifeng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,(3)

  相似文献   

基于几何形态测量学的四种滨螺形态差异与系统发生关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈楠桦  梁仁杰  白义  王海瑞 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1365-1374

运用几何形态测量学方法研究浙江省大陈岛海域常见的4种滨螺间的形态关系。对4种滨螺的壳口、螺体分别进行数字化标点,经叠印分析、主成分分析(PCA)和薄片样条法分析,获得4种滨螺在壳口和螺体上的差异,并进一步分析其形态特征与潮间带环境适应性关系。PCA结果表明四种滨螺壳口间差异在主成分轴上无法有效分开,而螺体间差异在主成分轴上能有效分开,说明壳口特征在不同滨螺间不具有规律性差异。螺体的PCA中PC1轴可以将短滨螺与其他3种滨螺区分,薄片样条法分析显示差异的部位主要在体螺层的宽度和螺体的高度间,PC2轴可以将粒结节滨螺与其他3种滨螺分开,薄片样条法分析显示差异部位主要是体螺层之上第一层以及体螺层之间。基于螺体特征的4种滨螺亲缘关系分析表明粗糙滨螺与塔结节滨螺亲缘关系最近,其次为短滨螺,粒结节滨螺最不相近。运用特征追踪法对螺层和螺肋特征追踪,结果表明螺层6层,螺肋密生是滨螺的祖先特征,后来演化出7层和8层的螺层特征以及颗粒状突起的螺肋特征。  相似文献   

Soil Organic Carbon Contents and Stocks in Coastal Salt Marshes with Spartina alterniflora Following an Invasion Chronosequence in the Yellow River Delta,China     

ZHANG Guangliang  BAI Junhong  JIA Jia  WANG Xin  WANG Wei  ZHAO Qingqing  ZHANG Shuai 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,(3)

Plant invasion alters the fundamental structure and function of native ecosystems by affecting the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy. Native(Suaeda salsa) and invasive(Spartina alterniflora) salt marshes were selected to study the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon(SOC) contents and stocks in the Yellow River Delta. Results showed that the SOC contents(g/kg) and stocks(kg/m~2) were significantly increased(P 0.05) after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years, especially for the surface soil layer(0–20 cm). The SOC contents exhibited an even distribution along the soil profiles in native salt marshes, while the SOC contents were gradually decreased with depth after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years. The natural ln response ratios(Ln RR) were applied to identify the effects of short-term Spartina alterniflora invasion on the SOC stocks. We also found that Spartina alterniflora invasion might cause soil organic carbon losses in a short-term phase(2–4 years in this study) due to the negative Ln RR values, especially for 20–60 cm depth. And the SOCD in surface layer(0–20 cm) do not increase linearly with the invasive age. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that silt + clay content was exponentially related with SOC in surface layer(Adjusted R~2 = 0.43, P 0.001), suggesting that soil texture could play a key role in SOC sequestration of coastal salt marshes.  相似文献   

Estimation and prediction of plastic waste annual input into the sea from China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

BAI Mengyu  ZHU Lixin  AN Lihui  PENG Guyu  LI Daoji 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(11):26-39

Marine plastic debris has been a pervasive issue since the last century, and research on its sources and fates plays a vital role in the establishment of mitigation measures. However, data on the quantity of plastic waste that enters the sea on a certain timescale remain largely unavailable in China. Here, we established a model using material flow analysis method based on life cycle assessment to follow plastic product from primary plastic to plastic waste with statistical data and monitoring data from accurate sources. This model can be used to estimate and forecast the annual input of plastic waste into the sea from China until 2020. In 2011, 0.547 3–0.751 5 million tons of plastic waste entered the seas in China, with a growth rate of 4.55% per year until 2017. And the amount will decrease to0.257 1 to 0.353 1 million tons in 2020 under the influence of governmental management. The amount of plastic waste discharged from coastal areas calculated in this study was much larger than that from river, thus it is suggested to strengthen the governance and control of plastic waste in coastal fishery activities in China in order to reduce the amount of marine plastic waste input.  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS Engine与ArcGIS Server的海域定级信息管理系统设计与开发   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卞盼盼  白珏莹  付丹丹  王英刚  周立 《海洋科学》2018,42(6):12-17

以Visual Studio 2012为平台,利用ArcGIS Engine强大的空间分析功能,以C#为开发语言结合第三方插件设计开发海域定级决策子系统,实现了不同用海方式海域的自动化定级,对海域定级基础数据、过程数据和结果数据进行综合管理,构建了一个具有一定实用价值的海域定级信息管理系统原型;此外,利用WebGIS将海域定级决策子系统分析生成的结果数据发布成服务,实现海域定级信息共享子系统。本研究为海域定级提供智能化平台,提高对海域定级及评估效率,有利于海洋可持续发展。  相似文献   

不同盐度对文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)呼吸代谢及体内酶活性的影响     

白奕天  丁天扬  李东东  聂鸿涛  闫喜武 《海洋科学》2018,42(6):123-131

为研究不同盐度对文蛤呼吸代谢的影响,本实验设置5个盐度(‰)梯度(11、18、25、32、39),检测不同盐度对文蛤(Meretrixmeretrix)耗氧和排氨的影响,以及文蛤的外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺三种组织中乳酸脱氢酶和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的变化。结果表明:随着盐度的不断升高,文蛤耗氧率先升后降再升,在盐度18时达到最大值;排氨率先升后降,在盐度32时达到最大值。随着盐度不断升高和胁迫时间延长,文蛤的肝胰腺中乳酸脱氢酶活力总体呈先升高后下降再升高的趋势(P0.05),酶活力在盐度39时为最高;随着盐度不断升高和胁迫时间延长,文蛤的外套膜中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力总体呈先下降再升高后下降的趋势(P0.05),在盐度32时为最高;文蛤的外套膜和鳃中乳酸脱氢酶活力以及鳃和肝胰腺中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力受盐度影响不显著(P0.05),酶活力变化也多呈现"W"形的变化趋势。研究结果为文蛤的人工养殖提供参考。  相似文献